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Lecture Notes

First, Giulianotti argues racism has taken different forms that are harder to see. For example, stacking - the placement of white athletes in power-positions - still promotes racial stereotypes and myths, it's just harder to see. Likewise, and as Giulianotti points out, intersecting oppressions are often harder to see. It may be that it's now easier for African American males to get involved with sport, but this masks the fact that African American females still struggle for recognition. I would encourage you to check out the other arguments made by Giulianotti concerning the continued power of institutionalized racism all of which can be found on pp. 72-74.