KIN 401: Lecture 1, Part 3
Table of Contents
- Lesson 1, Part 3: Measurement and Scale
- "Measurement" Is:
- Measurement Scales
- A Real-Number System: Order, Distance, and Origin
- Scale and Real Number System: Example
- Movie Rating Scale
- Richter Magnitude Scale: -1.5-12
- What About Richter Earthquake Severity Scale?
- Richter Scale Presented by TNT Explosions
- 1976 Tangshan Earthquake 7.8; Deaths = 240,000!
- Measurement Scales and Computation
- Variable and Score Limits
- Real Score Limits
Text and Images from Slide
Richter Scale Presented by TNT Explosions
| Richter Scale | TNT for Seismic Energy Yield | Example (approx.) |
|---|---|---|
| -1.5 | 6 ounces | Breaking a rock on a lab table |
| 1.0 | 30 pounds | Large blast at a construction site |
| 1.5 | 320 pounds | |
| 2 | 1 ton | Large quarry or mine blast |
| 2.5 | 4.6 tons | |
| 3 | 29 tons | |
| 3.5 | 73 tons | |
| 4 | 1,000 tons | Small nuclear weapon |
| 4.5 | 5,100 tons | Average tornado (total energy) <br /> |
| 5 | 32,000 tons | |
| 5.5 | 80,000 tons | Little Skull Mtn., NV quake, 1992 |
| 6 | 1 million tons | Double Spring Flat, NV quake, 1994 |
| 6.5 | 5 million tons | Northridge, CA quake, 1994 |
| 7 | 32 million tons | Hyogo-Ken Nanbu, Japan quake, 1995; largest thermonuclear weapon |
| 7.5 | 160 million tons | Landers, CA quake, 1992 |
| 8 | 1 billion tons | San Francisco, CA quake, 1906 |
| 8.5 | 5 billion tons | Anchorage, AK quake, 1964 |
| 9 | 32 billion tons | Chilean quake, 1960 |
| 10 | 1 trillion tons | (San Andreas-type fault circling Earth) |
| 12 | 160 trillion tons | (Fault Earth in half through center, or Earth's daily receipt of solar energy) |