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Spermicide

17

Effectiveness:

82% Perfect Use

72% Typical Use

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Lecture Notes

A spermicide is a substance that is toxic to sperm. The most commonly used spermicide in products sold in the United States is the chemical nonoxynol-9. Originally developed as a detergent nonoxynol-9 is a vaginal cream that rapidly kills sperm cells. Although safe and effective, frequent spermicidal use can facilitate the transmission of STIs, including HIV, that could lead to genital ulcerations and irritation. <br /><br />Spermicidal preparations are available in a variety of forms and are considered most effective when used in combination with a barrier method of contraception, such as the male condom or the diaphragm.

 

Contraceptive foam is a chemical spermicide sold in aerosol containers. It is a practical form of spermicide for use with a condom. Shaking the container before applying the foam increases its foaminess so that it spreads farther. The foam begins to go flat after about half an hour. It must be reapplied when intercourse is repeated.<br />

Contraceptive film contains a paper-thin tissue that contains nonoxynol-9, which dissolves into a sticky gel when inserted into the vagina. The film is placed directly over the cervix at least 15 minutes before intercourse to allow time for the sheet to dissolve and disperse. Like other spermicides, contraceptive film works effectively in conjunction with the male condom.

 

Spermicides also come in the form of creams and jellies. These come in tubes and are inserted with an applicator or placed inside diaphragm or cervical caps. Suppositories are chemical spermicides inserted into the vagina before intercourse. Body heat and fluids dissolve the ingredients and must be inserted early enough to dissolve completely before intercourse.

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